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Unit Testing is a software testing approach where individual units or components of a software application are tested in isolation. The goal is to ensure that each unit functions correctly as designed, helping to identify and fix bugs early in the development process.
Unit Testing is crucial for maintaining code quality and preventing regressions. It provides rapid feedback to developers, ensures the reliability of individual units, and facilitates easier debugging and maintenance. Successful unit tests contribute to a robust and stable software system.
A unit test typically follows a Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA) structure. The "Arrange" phase sets up the test environment, the "Act" phase invokes the unit under test, and the "Assert" phase verifies the expected outcome. This structure ensures clear organization and readability of tests.
Test-Driven Development is a software development approach where tests are written before the actual code. Developers first write a failing unit test, then write the minimal code necessary to make the test pass. TDD ensures that code is testable, modular, and meets the specified requirements.
Various testing frameworks support Unit Testing in different programming languages. Examples include JUnit and TestNG for Java, pytest for Python, NUnit for C#, and Mocha for JavaScript. These frameworks provide structures for organizing tests, assertions for verification, and other testing utilities.